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TAS2R40 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 38

GC07P137258

taste receptor, type 2, member 40
(Previous name: G protein-coupled receptor 60 )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: GPR60)

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases & Descriptions
taste receptor, type 2, member 40¹ ²		G-protein coupled receptor 60² ³
G protein-coupled receptor 60¹ ²		T2R58² ³
Taste receptor type 2 member 58² ³		MGC126844²
T2R40² ³		MGC126846²
GPR60² ³		taste receptor type 2 member 40²

External Ids:	HGNC: 18885¹	Entrez Gene: 259286²	Ensembl: ENSG00000221937⁷	UniProtKB: P59535³

Export aliases for TAS2R40 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC00U991249 GC07U900008 GC07P142313 GC07P142390 GC07P142436 GC07P142629 GC07P142919

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R40_HUMAN, P59535

Function: Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the

gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5

Gene Wiki entry for TAS2R40

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 60), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to Qiagen and/or SABiosciences)
About This Section

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the TAS2R40 gene promoter:
         POU2F2   oct-B2   POU2F2B   Oct-B1   POU2F2C   POU2F2 (Oct-2.1)   oct-B3   POU2F1   Tal-1beta   E47
         Other transcription factors

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for TAS2R40

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 7q34 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 7q34 HGNC cytogenetic band: 7q34

TAS2R40 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
TAS2R40 gene location

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 7 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC07P137258: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	137,257,303 bp from pter
End:	137,258,274 bp from pter
Size:	972 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

1 alternative location:

Chr7+ 142,919,130-142,920,162

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000007.13 NT_007914.15 NT_079596.2

(According to ¹UniProtKB, neXtProt, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, and/or ProSpec,
Biochemical Assays by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Dec 2010 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Epitomics)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R40_HUMAN, P59535 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Taste receptor type 2 member 40

Size: 323 amino acids; 36812 Da

Subcellular location: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein

Miscellaneous: Several bitter taste receptors are expressed in a single taste receptor cell

Secondary accessions: A4D2I2 Q645W6

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for TAS2R40: NX_P59535

REFSEQ proteins: NP_795363.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000386210

Human Recombinant Proteins

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2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0016020	membrane	IEA	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

About this table

TAS2R40 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Antibodies for TAS2R40:

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(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

TAS2R40 for domains About GeneDecksing

1 InterPro domain/family:

IPR007960 TAS2_rcpt

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P59535

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P59535

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R40_HUMAN, P59535

Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family

(According to UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas, Animal models from MGI Dec 24 2010,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Millipore, siRNAs from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, Qiagen, Super-pooled esiRNAs from Sigma-Aldrich, microRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, Qiagen, SABiosciences, Clones from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, Cell Lines from GenScript, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Dec 2010 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R40_HUMAN, P59535

Function: Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the

gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5

Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
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miRNA:		Browse microRNA Mimics at Sigma-Aldrich Browse microRNA target validation systems at Sigma-Aldrich
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Gene
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Cell
Lines:

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2 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004872	receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0004930	G-protein coupled receptor activity	IEA	--

About this table

TAS2R40 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Dec 2010 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

TAS2R40 for pathways About GeneDecksing

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for TAS2R40):

hsa04742 Taste transduction

SABiosciences Custom Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays for TAS2R40

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for TAS2R40

3 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway	--	--
GO:0050896	response to stimulus	IEA	--
GO:0050909	sensory perception of taste	IEA	--

About this table

TAS2R40 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

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(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 228 Homo sapiens; Dec 8 2010) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Millipore,
siRNAs from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, Qiagen, Super-pooled esiRNAs from Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, microRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, Qiagen, SABiosciences,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, GenScript, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
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miRNA:		Browse microRNA Mimics at Sigma-Aldrich Browse microRNA target validation systems at Sigma-Aldrich
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of TAS2R40
		Search SABiosciences for Assays for microRNAs that regulate TAS2R40

Clones:		Browse FLAG tag genes at Sigma-Aldrich
		OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TAS2R40 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TAS2R40 OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: TAS2R40 Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		GenScript cDNA clone with any tag delivered in your preferred vector: TAS2R40

Primers:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: TAS2R40 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay for TAS2R40: PPH17608A

REFSEQ mRNAs for TAS2R40 gene:

NM_176882.1

Additional cDNA sequence:

BC101795.1 BC101797.1

1 DOTS entry:

DT.100703603

1 AceView cDNA sequence:

NM_176882

highest scoring ESTs for TAS2R40:

NM_176882 BC101795 BC101797 BG573377

Unigene Cluster for TAS2R40:

Taste receptor, type 2, member 40

Hs.352241

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC101795

GeneLoc Exon Structure

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000408947(uc011ksx.1)

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 228 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences )
About This Section

TAS2R40 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

¹ / ²

1 probe-set matching TAS2R40 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
1553556_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.55	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

About this table
Data from Genenote (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images

TAS2R40 gene electronic northern expression

About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: --

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.352241

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: T2R40_HUMAN, P59535

Tissue specificity: Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive

cells

Primers:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: TAS2R40 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay for TAS2R40: PPH17608A

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for TAS2R40

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Dec 24 2010, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for TAS2R40 gene from 4 species

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	TAS2R40¹	--	taste receptor, type 2, member 40	84.59(n) 76.42(a)	608842 XM_845978.1 XP_851071.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	TAS2R40¹	--	taste receptor, type 2, member 40	99.69(n) 99.38(a)	472611 XM_527985.2 XP_527985.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Tas2r40¹	--	taste receptor, type 2, member 40	77.67(n) 65.09(a)	500101 NM_001025150.1 NP_001020321.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Tas2r144^{1 , 5}	6 (20.48 cM)⁵	taste receptor, type 2, member 144^{1, 5}	78.51(n)¹ 66.35(a)¹	387515¹ NM_001001453.1¹ NP_001001453.1¹ AY145468⁵ BC140333⁵ (see all 6)

About this table Species with no ortholog for TAS2R40

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for TAS2R40 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for TAS2R40 gene

TAS2R41² TAS2R5² TAS2R39² TAS2R38² TAS2R4² TAS2R16² TAS2R60² TAS2R1²

TAS2R40 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Resequencing Primers from Qiagen)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Chr 7 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data				Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
			--	--	--		--	--
rs10225801^1,2	C,F,	142918603(+)	`TATTCG/AAGGAC`	1	--	ng5¹		5		NS EA WA	464
rs10260248^1,2	C,F,	142919731(+)	`CTTCTC/ATGAGA`	2	/Y /S	mis¹ ref¹		12		NS EA NA WA	1026
rs17164164^1,2	C,F	142919238(+)	`CTTTGG/CTGGTC`	2	/L /V	mis¹ ref¹		12		NA NS EA	1044
rs76255203^1,2	C,	142920098(+)	`AAGCGG/ATTTCA`	2	/R	syn¹ ref¹		1		NA	72
rs77225515^1,2	F,	142920482(+)	`CAATTG/TAGCAT`	1	--	ng3¹		1		EA	88
rs80319840^1,2	F,	142917942(+)	`TAAAAT/GGGGCA`	1	--	ng5¹		1		EA	88
rs113103334^1,2	--	142918408(+)	`TTTCCA/GAACTT`	1	--	ng5¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs114996295^1,2		142920246(+)	`CTCTGA/TCACTT`	1	--	ng3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs115081194^1,2		142918891(+)	`AAGAAA/GGTGTT`	1	--	ng5¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs115429355^1,2		142917530(+)	`TGTGAA/GGGATG`	1	--	ng5¹		0	--	--	--	--

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for TAS2R40 (up to first 250kb)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for TAS2R40: --

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing TAS2R40

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, LSDB, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or ⁷Novoseek)
About This Section

9 PubMed articles for TAS2R40 gene integrated from 7 sources:
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with TAS2R40)

The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta- glucopyranosides. (PubMed id 12379855)^{1, 2, 3} Bufe B.... Meyerhof W. (2002)
Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes. (PubMed id 15496549)^{1, 2} Fischer A.... Paeaebo S. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. (PubMed id 12690205)^{1, 2} Scherer S.W.... Tsui L.-C. (2003)
Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. (PubMed id 12581520)^{1, 2} Zhang Y.... Ryba N.J. (2003)
Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction. (PubMed id 11696554)^{1, 2} Margolskee R.F. (2002)
Receptors for bitter and sweet taste. (PubMed id 12139982)^{1, 2} Montmayeur J.-P. and Matsunami H. (2002)
Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates. (PubMed id 15744053)¹ Go Y.... Takahata N. (2005)
Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. (PubMed id 12477932)¹ Strausberg R.L....Marra M.A. (2002)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 259286	HGNC: 18885	AceView: TAS2R40	Ensembl:ENSG00000221937	euGenes: HUgn259286
ECgene: TAS2R40	Kegg: 259286	H-InvDB: TAS2R40

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Intellectual Property for TAS2R40 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from XenneX, Inc.)

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Patent Information for TAS2R40 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving TAS2R40

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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TAS2R40 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 38

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TAS2R40 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 38

Aliases & Descriptionsfor TAS2R40 gene

Summariesfor TAS2R40 gene

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Proteinsfor TAS2R40 gene

Protein Domains/Familiesfor TAS2R40 gene

Gene Functionfor TAS2R40 gene

Pathways & Interactionsfor TAS2R40 gene

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Transcriptsfor TAS2R40 gene

Expression for TAS2R40 gene

Orthologsfor TAS2R40 gene

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Disorders & Mutationsfor TAS2R40 gene

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Publicationsfor TAS2R40 gene

External Searches for TAS2R40 gene

Genome Databases showing TAS2R40 gene

Other Databases showing TAS2R40 gene

Specialized Databases showing TAS2R40 gene

Intellectual Propertyfor TAS2R40 gene

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Aliases &
Descriptions
for TAS2R40 gene

Summaries
for TAS2R40 gene

Genomic Views
for TAS2R40 gene

Proteins
for TAS2R40 gene

Protein Domains/
Families
for TAS2R40 gene

Gene Function
for TAS2R40 gene

Pathways & Interactions
for TAS2R40 gene

Drugs & Compounds
for TAS2R40 gene

Transcripts
for TAS2R40 gene

Expression
for TAS2R40 gene

Orthologs
for TAS2R40 gene

Paralogs
for TAS2R40 gene

Genomic Variants
for TAS2R40 gene

Disorders & Mutations
for TAS2R40 gene

Medical News
for TAS2R40 gene

Publications
for TAS2R40 gene

Intellectual Property
for TAS2R40 gene

Products
for TAS2R40 gene